Study on the Identification of Samples Mistyped as O Phenotype and the Strategy of Safe Blood Transfusion / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the indentification method of samples mistyped as O phenotype and to explore the precision transfusion strategy.@*METHODS@#The blood samples from donors and patients admitted in our center from 2018 to 2019 was collected. The samples with O phenotype suspected subtypes were further determined by tube test, adsorption-elution test, etc. Molecular testing was used to sequence the related blood type genes of the subjects.@*RESULTS@#Among 14 subjects misjudged as O, 11 different genotypes were identified, in which 3 blood donors were Ael02/O02, Bel03/O02, and one para-Bombay with B101/O02 (FUT1: h3h3; FUT2: Se@*CONCLUSION@#The phenotypes of Ael, Bel, Aw and para-Bombay subtypes are easily misjudged as type O. Molecular technology is helpful to identify the genotype of subtypes, and the corresponding transfusion strategies could be reasonably performed.

Clinical Characteristics of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with RUNX1 Gene Mutation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the incidence of Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) gene and its associated gene mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and analyze its clinical characteristics and prognosis.@*METHODS@#The genomic DNA-PCR method was used to detect the exon of RUNX1 gene, and the gene mutations were analyzed by genetic sequencing. NPM1, DNMT3A, FLT3-ITD, IDH1/2, K/N-RAS, CEPBA, TET2, and WT1 co-mutations were also detected. Patients were followed up to determine efficacy and prognosis.@*RESULTS@#Among 171 patients, the RUNX1 gene mutation was detected in 17 cases, and the mutation rate was 9.9%. The type of RUNX1 gene mutation was 9 missense mutations, 4 frameshift mutations, and 4 nonsense mutations. The peripheral blood leukocyte count of the patients in mutation group was 3 (1-101) ×10@*CONCLUSION@#AML patients with RUNX1 gene mutation shows unique clinical and biological characteristics, RUNX1 mutation can be regarded as a molecular marker of poor prognosis in AML patients.

Different Subtypes Caused by c.721C>T Substitution in the Exon 7 of ABO Gene / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the different subtypes caused by c.721C>T substitution in the exon 7 of the ABO gene, and to investigate the related molecular mechanism of different antigens expression.@*METHODS@#ABO subtypes in 7 samples were identified by standard serological methods. The exons 6, 7, and adjacent intron of ABO gene were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and the PCR products were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing and cloning sequencing.@*RESULTS@#ABO subtypes phenotypes were A@*CONCLUSION@#c.721C>T substitution in the ABO gene causes p.Arg241Trp exchange resulting in the decreasing of GTA or GTB activities and weaker antigen expression. O.01.07 is a null allele which cannot form a functional catalytic enzyme has no effect on A

Progress in research of switchable chimeric antigen receptor T cells / 药学学报

In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) have been viewed as a target for successful treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, targeting conventional CAR-T cell has a series of side effects, such as cytokine storm, on-target off-tumor effect and neurotoxicity during treatment, and these side effects threatened patients' life. The extracellular domain of conventional CAR-T is a fixed single-chain variable fragment (scFv) that only targets one specific antigen, and once the tumor antigen is mutated or disappears, the CAR-T cell will fail. In recent years, a number of different switchable CAR-T cells have emerged. The design of switchable CAR-T cells is divided into two aspects: CAR-T cell and molecular switch respectively, and the activation of CAR-T is completely dependent on the switch. It is not only universal, but also decreases the side effect of conventional CAR-T through controlling the molecular switch. We summarized the existing sCAR-T to provide an idea for CAR-T design and optimization, and lay a foundation for entering sCAR-T into clinical practice.

Size Estimation of HLA -Ⅰ class Typed Platelet Apheresis Donor Bank / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To estimate the size of HLA -Ⅰ class typed platelet apheresis donor bank.@*METHODS@#A total of 16062 blood samples from Chinese Han voluntary unrelated marrow donors in Jiangsu were included in this study. Luminex-SSO was used to detect the HLA -Ⅰ class(A,B locus) antigens. The probability of finding at least one HLA matched unrelated donor was calculated based on the HLA -I class phenotype frequency.@*RESULTS@#The population genetic data of HLA -Ⅰ class in Jiangsu were obtained, the optinal bans size in HLA typed apheresis plateler donor registry databane hrad been estimated by evaluating the population genetic data of HLA-1 class same donor.@*CONCLUSION@#The establishment of HLA-1 class typed apheresis platelet donor bank with a total size of 1500 persons is acceptable, which can satisty the patients with phenotype freguency>0.002 to find at least 1 phenotype same donor in 95% probavility.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Union Physio-Psycho-Social Assessment Questionnaire / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To validate the Union Physio-Psycho-Social Assessment Questionnaire(UPPSAQ-70)and test its validity and reliability.Methods From April,2013 to July,2018,patients were asked to finish the computer evaluation of UPPSAQ-70 and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH).Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)was conducted on the SPSS 17.0,and the number of fixed factors was 8 factors and 3 factors.Amos 23.0 was used to verify the original 8-factor model,8-factor revision model,3-factor model,3-factor revision model,and single-factor model.Each factor of SCL-90 was used as the calibration standard to calculate the correlation coefficient between factors.The retest reliability was tested by the outpatients in PUMCH in July,2018.Results Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the 8-factor revised model included:depression,anxiety and fatigue,sleep,physical discomfort,sexual function,happiness and satisfaction,hypochondria,and social anxiety.The 3 factors revised model included that:psychological,physiological and social dimension.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 8-factor modified model was superior to the 3-factor model and the single-factor model: =10 410.4,=1862,RMSEA=0.07,CFI=0.753,and NFI=0.715.With SCL-90 as the standard criteria,except the low correlation coefficient between emotional scale and depression(=0.600)and anxiety(=0.520),the correlation coefficients of other symptoms were below 0.5.The chronbach's between each factor and total score of UPPSAQ-70 was between 0.823 and 0.904,and the Chronbach's coefficient of the whole scale was between 0.954 and 0.956 after each item was deleted.The retest reliability of the scale of 32 participants Chronbach's was 0.847.Each item of the scale measured between one week was significantly correlated(<0.05). Conclusion UPPSAQ-70 is a good scale for evaluating overall health status and is especially feasible in general hospitals.

Identification and Quantification of Chlorpyrifos Metabolites in Urine Samples by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole-Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

A method was established for the determination of chlorpyrifos metabolites employing QuEChERS method and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP). The urine samples were extracted by acetonitrile and then cleaned up with PSA and GCB. The samples were separated with the gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.2% ammonia water on ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18column. The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry under negative ion mode with electrospray ionization (ESI) source and MRM-IDA-EPI mode. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear in range of 1.0-100.0 μg/L,and the limits of detection were 0.10-0.73 μg/L. The average recoveries were 80.3%-90.1%, and RSDs were all within 10%. The developed method was simple,sensitive,accurate,and repeatable,and could avoid false positive result of samples effectively. The established method was successfully applied to determine the exposure level of chlorpyrifos metabolites in real samples of human health risk analysis. The results showed that the maximum concentration of chlorpyrifos metabolites was 54.6 μg/L. This method provided technic support for simultaneous identification and quantification of chemicals in complex matrix.

Development of Clinical Phenotype Extraction and Application Based on Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Data / 医学信息学杂志

Based on the introduction to the clinical phenotype extraction technique,the paper conducts systematic review on the extraction of clinical phenotype from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of diabetes by taking advantages of the clinical decision support technique,natural language processing technique and machine learning method,and indicates that the deep learning method can be used to extract clinical phenotype from the EMR data more effectively and accurately,help clinical researchers better conduct clinical tests,and improve the medical care level.

Establishment and Clinical Evaluation of sH2a Subunit from ASGPR in Diagnosis of Hepatic Injury / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To diagnose the process of hepatic injury,a method of quantitating the concentration of sH2a subunit from asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established and clinical evaluated.Methods 210 serum samples were collected in Suzhou Kowloon Hospital.Among them,70 subjects with cirrhosis,viral hepatitis and fatty liver disease were as hepatic injury group and 140 subjects of healthy and high fat,hemolysis,jaundice and with autoimmune disease were as control group.The serum sH2a of two group were measured by ELISA kit.The results of sH2a ELISA were analyzed by four table chi-square test and SPSS20.0 software.Results sH2a protein level in liver injury group and control group were 105.92+ 53.41 ng/ml and 69.25+27.45 ng/ml,respectively.The difference between the control group and the liver injury group was statistically significant (F=14.375,t=5.397,P=0.000).The sensitivity and specificity of the sH2a ELISA kit were 68.57％ (95％CI:56.37～79.15％) and 82.86％ (95％CI:75.58％～88.70％),and the total compliance rate was 78.10％ (95％CI:71.88％～83.49％) with KAPPA coefficient:0.510 6 (95％ CI:0.3877～0.6336).Conclusion SH2a serum ELISA kit with positive and negative coincidence rate between SH2a serum level and meet the clinical requirement,which could be used as new marker for diagnosis of heptieal injury related diseases.

Meta analysis of studies on epidemiology of hypertension in college and university teachers and staff / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Objective To more effectively prevent hypertension and provide better health care for college and university teachers and staff by keeping abreast with the epidemiology of hypertension. Methods The data were extracted from the selected Chinese and English papers on epidemiology of hypertension, which was followed by a meta-analysis of the prevalence, awareness rate, cure rate, and control rate of hypertension in college and university teachers and staff of China. Results A total of 73 papers were included in this study. The total prevalence of hypertension was 23. 3% (95%CI=21. 1%-25. 6%), the prevalence of hypertension was 27. 2% (95%CI=24. 4%-30. 0%) in male hypertensive teachers and staff and was 18. 6% (95%CI=16. 6%-20. 6%) in female hypertensive teachers and staff. The prevalence of hypertension increased with the increasing age and tended to increase with the year of investigation in college and university teachers and staff of China, and was the lowest in East China followed by Central China and West China. The awareness rate, cure rate and control rate of hypertension were 68. 3% (95%CI=59 . 7%-76 . 8%) , 63 . 7% ( 95%CI=55 . 5%-71 . 9%) , and 37 . 7% ( 95%CI=28 . 0%-47 . 5%) respec-tively in college and university teachers and staff of China. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is different in college and university teachers and staff of China due to different sexes, ages and areas.

Meta analysis of studies on epidemiology of hypertension in college and university teachers and staff / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Objective To more effectively prevent hypertension and provide better health care for college and university teachers and staff by keeping abreast with the epidemiology of hypertension. Methods The data were extracted from the selected Chinese and English papers on epidemiology of hypertension, which was followed by a meta-analysis of the prevalence, awareness rate, cure rate, and control rate of hypertension in college and university teachers and staff of China. Results A total of 73 papers were included in this study. The total prevalence of hypertension was 23. 3% (95%CI=21. 1%-25. 6%), the prevalence of hypertension was 27. 2% (95%CI=24. 4%-30. 0%) in male hypertensive teachers and staff and was 18. 6% (95%CI=16. 6%-20. 6%) in female hypertensive teachers and staff. The prevalence of hypertension increased with the increasing age and tended to increase with the year of investigation in college and university teachers and staff of China, and was the lowest in East China followed by Central China and West China. The awareness rate, cure rate and control rate of hypertension were 68. 3% (95%CI=59 . 7%-76 . 8%) , 63 . 7% ( 95%CI=55 . 5%-71 . 9%) , and 37 . 7% ( 95%CI=28 . 0%-47 . 5%) respec-tively in college and university teachers and staff of China. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is different in college and university teachers and staff of China due to different sexes, ages and areas.

Retrospective Analysis of Liaison Psychiatric Service in Elderly Inpatients in A General Hospital / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze liaison psychiatric service in a geriatric ward in a big general hospital and explore the way to improve accessibility of geriatric psychiatric service in general hospitals. Methods Elderly inpatients aged 65 years old or more admitted to a geriatrics ward in Peking Union Medical College Hospital in 7 years duration (January 2008 to December 2014) were enrolled in the study. Liaison psychiatrists attended ground round combined with psychiatric consultation from January 2008 to December 2009 (T1 period). Comprehensive geriatric assessment,geriatric interdisciplinary team services and psychiatric consultation were conducted from January 2010 to December 2014 (T2 period). Consultation rate,reasons for referral,psychiatric diagnoses,length of stay,and medical expense were compared between different periods.Results Among 1230 geriatric inpatients,383 patients were enrolled in liaison psychiatric service,and 511 individual consultations happened.The consultation rate for T1 and T2 were 19.7% and 33.8%,respectively (P=0.000).The dominating reasons for referral were current emotional symptoms (30.4%) and current psychiatric symptoms (28.3%) in T1 and current emotional symptoms (65.3%) and medically unexplained symptoms (12.8%) in T2 (P=0.000). For length of stay,consultation group lasted for (199.2±40.0) days,and non-consultation group lasted for (71.3±16.6) days(P=0.004) in T1;(22.0±2.4) days and (22.6±1.6) days(P=0.834) in different groups in T2 respectively. The medical expense were (243 000±44 000) RMB for consultation group and (79 000±18 000) RMB for non-consultation group(P=0.040) in T1 and (18 000±2 000) RMB and (21 000±1 000) RMB (P=0.302) in different groups in T2 respectively. The prevalence rate for psychiatric disorders revealed by liaison psychiatrists was 15.8% in T1 and 29.8%in T2 (P=0.000) in the geriatric ward. Conclusions Elderly inpatients are vulnerable population for psychiatric disorders. Therefore,psychiatrist should be an important member in geriatric interdisciplinary team. Combination of comprehensive geriatric assessment,psychiatric consultation and geriatric interdisciplinary team is very efficient model in general hospital settings to improve the accessibility of psychiatric services in elderly in China.

In vitro dissolution and physicochemical characterizations of novel PVP-based solid dispersions containing valsartan prepared by a freeze-drying method

Valsartan [VAL] shows poor oral bioavailability mainly as a result of its low water solubility at low pH. This study is designed to investigate the dissolution properties and physicochemical characteristics of novel PVP-based solid dispersions [SDs] containing VAL. The SDs were prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP-K30] as a hydrophilic polymer, sodium hydroxide [NaOH] as an alkalizer, and poloxamer 188 [F68] as a surfactant, without using any organic solvents by a freeze-drying method. The dissolution study was carried out and the physicochemical properties of SDs were also characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry [DSC], fourier transform-infrared [FT-IR] spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry [XRD] and scanning electron microscopy [SEM]. The dissolution rates of SDs were significantly improved at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 compared to that of pure drug. The results of physicochemical properties suggested that some interactions between VAL and carriers had occurred in the molecular level and the drug presented in the SDs was amorphous. It was concluded that the novel PVP-based SDs has been successfully prepared by a freeze-drying method, resulting in significant dissolution improvement of VAL

Effect of realgar on induction of apoptosis in DLBCL cell line SU-DHL-4 and its possible mechanisms / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the effect of realgar (As4S4) on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of DLBCL cell line SU-DHL-4 and its mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of realgar on the cell growth were detected by MTT method. The morphological changes of SU-DHL-4 were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The apoptosis of SU-DHL-4 cells treated with realgar were detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry with PI staining. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (BCL-2 , Caspase-3,BAX) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that the realgar at the concentration of 20, 40, 80 µmol/L all could inhibit the proliferation of SU-DHL-4 (P < 0.05), and in a certain time and concentration range, the inhibition rate was enhanced in a time and dose dependent manner(r = 0.982). Flow cytometric test results showed that realgar could induce SU-DHL-4 cell apoptosis after treating for 48 hours, and the apoptosis rate increased with the increasing of drug concentration (P < 0.05). After treating SU-DHL-4 cells with Realgar for 48 h, the cell cycle was blocked in the S phase (P < 0.05). TEM results revealed that when treated with realgar for 48 h, the typically apoptosis morphology-apoptotic bodies were observed in all drug-treated group, furthermore, some necrotic cells in the 80 µmol/L group were observed. After intervened by realgar for 48 h, the DNA Ladder pattern was seen according to agarose gel electrophoresis. Western blot showed that the expression of Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated while the expressions of BAX and Caspase-3 protein were up-regulated when treating SU-DHL-4 cells with realgar for 48 h. It is concluded that realgar can inhibit cell growth and induce cell apoptosis, which may be related with up-regulation of Caspase-3 and BAX expression and down-regulation the of BCL-2 expression.

Molecular investigation of a possible case of HIV transmission after a blood transfusion / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A molecular technique based on quasispecies analysis for tracing postexposure HIV transmission was applied in an investigation of a possible case of HIV transmission after blood transfusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen plasma specimens were collected from 3 HIV infections (T1-T3) involved in a possible HIV transmission chain and 13 HIV/AIDS (C1-C13) controls. The RNAs were extracted and then amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were cloned and sequenced.BioEdit 6.0.7 and MEGA 4.0 software were used to analyze gene sequences, calculate gene dispersion ratio and construct phylogenetic tree.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sequences of 13 specimens were successfully obtained.The HIV strains from T1, T2 and T3 were CRF07_BC recombinants, those from 5 out of the 6 controls lived in the same city with T2 and T3 were CRF07_BC recombinants as well, while those from 4 controls living in the same city with T1 were CRF01_AE recombinants. Compared with the clone sequences from T1, the mean gene dispersion ratio of T2 was the least (2.0%), followed by C12 (2.8%) , T3 (2.9%) and others. The phylogenetic tree showed that all clones from T1, T2, T3 and C12 might cluster together,and implied that the direction of HIV transmission was from T3 to T2, and then to T1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results support the possible epidemiological clue that HIV was transmitted from T3 to T2, and then to T1, indicating that molecular epidemiological investigation could provide more direct evidence for tracing postexposure HIV transmission.</p>

Bulky DNA adducts in human sperm correlate with semen parameters and sperm apoptosis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation of sperm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-DNA adducts with semen quality and sperm apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected semen samples from 433 infertile Chinese men, detected sperm PAH-DNA adducts using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, and determined the rate of sperm apoptosis by TUNEL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the level of sperm PAH-DNA adducts was correlated negatively with sperm concentration (beta = -0.632), total sperm count (beta = -0.830) and sperm motility (beta = -9.647), but positively with the rate of sperm apoptosis (beta = 0.130).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sperm PAH-DNA adducts are evidently correlated with semen quality and sperm apoptosis, and play an important role in the evaluation of male productivity.</p>

Validity of complex figure test in differentiation of Alzheimer's disease from non-dementia / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the validity of Complex Figure Test(CFT)in differentiating Alzheimer's disease(AD)from non-dementia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using CFT,we tested 183 AD patients(AD group),1283 cognitively intact individuals(normal control group),and 134 individuals suffered from other diseases that could be easily confused with dementia(confused control group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The CFT score was 38.7±0.2 in the normal control group,35.3±0.8 in confused control group,23.7±0.8 in mild AD group,and 13.2±1.1 in moderate AD group after adjusted for educational level,age,and sex(all P<0.05).With the 5(th) percentage of the overall score as cutoff point,this tool showed a sensitivity of 73.8% and a specificity of 93.8% in differentiating AD from non-dementia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CFT is a sensitive and specific tool in the differentiation of AD from non-dementia.</p>

Validity of auditory verbal learning test in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the validity of World Health Organization-University of California-Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test (WHO-UCLA AVLT) in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using WHO-UCLA AVLT, we assessed 183 AD patients (AD group),1283 subjects with normal cognitive status (normal control group), and 134 individuals suffered from other diseases easy to be confused with AD (confused control group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The AVLT score was 40.9∓0.3 in normal control group, 30.7∓0.9 in confused control group, 16.6∓1.0 in mild AD group, and 10.2∓1.2 in moderate AD group after adjustment for educational level, age, sex, and rural/urban residence (all P<0.05). With the 5th percentage of the overall score as the cutoff point, this tool showed a sensitivity of 86.3% and a specificity of 93.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>WHO-UCLA CVLT is highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of AD.</p>

Effects of the effective components group of xiaoshuantongluo formula on rat acute blood stasis model / 药学学报

Effects of the effective components group of Xiaoshuantongluo formula (XECG) on rat acute blood stasis model were studied under the guidance of the concept of effective components group. Rat acute blood stasis model was induced by subcutaneous injection of epinephrine combined with ice water bath. Hemorheology indices such as whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index and platelet aggregation rate; coagulation parameters including PT, APTT, TT and FIB; 6-keto-PGF1alpha, TXB2 and D-dimer levels were determined to evaluate the effects of XECG. The results showed that XECG significantly reduced ADP-induced platelet aggregation, but showed little influence on the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation rate. XECG extended PT and TT slightly, but had no effects on APTT and FIB content. D-dimer levels significantly decreased after administration of XECG with a little decrease of TXB2, but the content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha did not change significantly. The results suggest that the role of XECG of anti-aggregation is more prominent.

Effect of pinocembrin on brain mitochondrial respiratory function / 药学学报

There are growing evidences that pinocembrin has better neuroprotective effect. In the present study, the effect of pinocembrin on mitochondrial respiratory function was evaluated in global brain ischemia/ reperfusion (4-vessel occlusion, 4-VO) rats. The results showed that pinocembrin improved the respiratory activity of 4-VO brain mitochondria, through increasing ADP/O, state 3 respiration state (V3), respiration control rate index (RCI) and oxidative phosphorylation rate (OPR). And then, the effect of pinocembrin on brain mitochondria was verified in vitro. The results showed that pinocembrin increased ADP/O, state 3 respiration state, respiration control rate index, oxidative phosphorylation rate in NADH/FADH2 dependent respiratory chain and decreased state 4 respiration state (V4) in NADH dependent respiratory chain. Pinocembrin improved ATP content in brain mitochondria in vitro and in SH-SY5Y cells.